BOOK TWO
CRIMES AND PENALTIES
Title One: Crimes Against National Security and the Law of Nations
Chapter One: Crimes Against National Security
Title Two: Crimes Against the Fundamental Laws of the State
Chapter One: Arbitrary Detention or Expulsion, Violation of Dwelling, Prohibition, Interruption, and Dissolution of Peaceful Meetings and Crimes Against Religious Worship
Title Three: Crimes Against Public Order
Chapter One: Rebellion, Sedition and Disloyalty
Chapter Two: Crimes Against Popular Representation
Chapter Three: Illegal Assemblies and Associations
Chapter Four: Assault Upon, and Resistance and Disobedience to, Persons in Authority and Their Agents
Chapter Five: Public Disorders
Chapter Six: Evasion of Service of Sentence
Chapter Seven: Commission of Another Crime During the Service of Penalty Imposed for Another Previous Offense
Title Four: Crimes Against Public Interest
Chapter One: Forgeries
Chapter Two: Other Falsities
Chapter Three: Frauds
Title Five: Crimes Relative to Opium and Other Prohibited Drugs
Title Six: Crimes Against Public Morals
Chapter One: Gambling and Betting
Chapter Two: Offenses Against Decency and Good Customs
Title Seven: Crimes Committed by Public Officers
Chapter Two: Malfeasance and Misfeasance in Office
Chapter Three: Frauds and Illegal Exactions and Transactions
Chapter Four: Malversation of Public Funds or Property
Chapter Five: Infidelity of Public Officers
Chapter Six: Other Offenses or Irregularities by Public Officers
Title Eight: Crimes Against Persons
Chapter One: Destruction of Life
Chapter Two: Physical Injuries
Title Nine: Crimes Against Personal Liberty and Security
Chapter One: Crimes Against Liberty
Chapter Two: Crimes Against Security
Chapter Three: Discovery and Revelation of Secrets
Title Ten: Crimes Against Property
Chapter One: Robbery in General
Chapter Two: Brigandage
Chapter Three: Theft
Chapter Four: Usurpation
Chapter Five: Culpable Insolvency
Chapter Six: Swindling and Other Deceits
Chapter Seven: Chattel Mortgage
Chapter Eight: Arson and Other Crimes involving Destructions
Chapter Nine: Malicious Mischief
Chapter Ten: Exemption from Criminal Liability in Crimes Against Property
Title Eleven: Crimes Against Chastity
Chapter One: Adultery and Concubinage
Chapter Two: Rape and Acts of Lasciviousness
Chapter Three: Seduction, Corruption of Minors and the White Slave Trade
Chapter Four: Abduction
Chapter Five: Provisions Relative to the Preceding Chapters of Title Eleven
Title Twelve: Crimes Against the Civil Status of Persons
Chapter One: Simulation of Births and Usurpation of Civil Status
1) Simulation of birth
Simulation birth – refers to the act of deceptively making it appear that the parents of a newly born child are persons other than the biological parents.
For more information, see: Simulation of birth
2) Substitution of one child for another
Substitution of a child from another – refers to the act of interchanging a child with another such that they are no longer with their biological parents.
For more information, see: Substitution of one child for another
3) Concealment or abandonment of a legitimate child
Concealment or abandonment of child for purposes of losing civil status – refers to the act of leaving newly-born children or infants in front of various places such as hospitals or religious institutions, resulting on the children being foundlings whose family and lineage is unknown.
For more information, see: Concealment or abandonment of a legitimate child
4) Usurpation of civil status
Usurpation of civil status – refers to the act of a person taking on the civil status of another for purposes of defrauding other people, a.k.a. identity fraud.
For more information, see: Usurpation of civil status
Chapter Two: Illegal Marriages
1) Bigamy
Bigamy – refers to contracting a second/subsequent marriage despite the first/prior marriage is still subsisting.
For more information, see: Bigamy
2) Marriage contracted against provisions of laws (Illegal marriages)
Illegal marriages – refer to the offense of knowing contracting a marriage knowing of defects in the marriage.
For more information, see: Illegal marriages
3) Performance of illegal marriage ceremony
Performance of illegal marriage ceremony – refers to the act of solemnizing an illegal marriage.
For more information, see: Performance of illegal marriage ceremony
Title Thirteen: Crimes Against Honor
Chapter One: Libel
1) Libel
A libel is public and malicious imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status, or circumstance tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or contempt of a natural or juridical person, or to blacken the memory of one who is dead. (REVISED PENAL CODE, Article 353)
For more information, see: Libel
2) Threatening to Publish Libel (Blackmail)
Threatening to publish libel and offering to prevent publication for compensation is also known as blackmail.
For more information, see: Threatening to Publish Libel (Blackmail)
3) Prohibited Publications
Publishing the private life of an individual may be a criminal offense – subject to certain requirements.
For more information, see: Prohibited Publication
4) Slander /oral defamation
Slander or Oral Defamation – is “libel committed by oral (spoken) means, instead of in writing.” It is defined as “the speaking of base and defamatory words which tend to prejudice another in his reputation, office, trade, business or means of livelihood.” (De Leon v. People, G.R. No. 212623, January 11, 2016, Per Mendoza J.)
For more information, see: Slander (Oral Defamation)
5) Slander by Deed
Slander by deed – refers to “a crime against honor, which is committed by performing any act, which casts dishonor, discredit, or contempt upon another person.” (Villanueva v. People, G.R. No. 160351, April 10, 2006, Per Chico-Nazario, J.)
For more information, see: Slander by Deed
Chapter Two: Incriminatory Machinations
1) Incriminating Innocent Person
Incriminating innocent person – refers to the performing of an act which tends directly to cause a false prosecution.
For more information, see: Incriminating Innocent Person
2) Intriguing Against Honor
Intriguing against honor – refers to “any intrigue which has for its principal purpose to blemish the honor and reputation of a person.” (Betguen v. Masangcay, En Banc, A.M. No. P-93-822, December 1, 1994, Per Curiam)
For more information, see: Intriguing Against Honor
