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Question XI, Political Law, 2017 Bar Exam
Sec. 17, Art. VI of the Constitution establishes an Electoral Tribunal for each of the Houses of Congress, and makes each Electoral Tribunal “the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of their respective Members.” On the other hand, Sec. 2(1), C (Commission on Elections), Art. IX of the Constitution…

Question A.5, Civil Law, 2019 Bar Exam
X and Y were in a live-in relationship for the longest time, and were already blessed with a child, Z. They finally decided to get married on March 15, 2020. When X’s parents found about the news, they were thrilled and thus, donated in favor of Z, the family heirloom, particularly, a gold ring valued…

Concubinage, A334 Revised Penal Code
Concubinage is an offense whereby a married man has sexual intercourse with a woman not his wife under scandalous circumstances. 1. Concept Concubinage – is “committed by a married man who has carnal knowledge of a woman not his spouse under scandalous circumstances.” (Anonymous Complaint v. Dagala, A.M. No. MTJ-16-1886, July 25, 2017, Per Leonen,…

Accessories, A19-20 Revised Penal Code
1. Concept Accessories – refers to those who did not directly participate in the commission of the crime but take part in the subsequent acts in certain and specific situations. a. Legal basis Article 19. Accessories. – Accessories are those who, having knowledge of the commission of the crime, and without having participated therein, either…

Sales – Nature and Form
By the contract of sale one of the contracting parties obligates himself to transfer the ownership and to deliver a determinate thing, and the other to pay therefor a price certain in money or its equivalent. (Article 1458, Civil Code) Absolute or conditional. A contract of sale may be absolute or conditional. (Paragraph 2, Article…

Opening of closed documents, Revised Penal Code
1. Concept Article 228. Any public officer not included in the provisions of the next preceding article who, without proper authority, shall open or shall permit to be opened any closed papers, documents or objects entrusted to his custody, shall suffer the penalties or arresto mayor, temporary special disqualification and a fine of not exceeding…