Express mention of one excludes all others, Statutory Construction
“[T]he express mention of one person, thing, act, or consequence excludes all others. This rule is expressed in the familiar maxim ‘expressio unius est exclusio alterius.’ Where a statute, by its terms, is expressly limited to certain matters, it may not, by interpretation or construction, be extended to others. The rule proceeds from the premise that the legislature would not have made specified enumerations in a statute had the intention been not to restrict its meaning and to confine its terms to those expressly mentioned.” (Centeno v. Villalon-Pornillos, G.R. No. 113092, September 1, 1994, Per Regalado, J.)
“The rule of expressio unius est exclusio alterius is formulated in a number of ways. One variation of the rule is the principle that what is expressed puts an end to that which is implied. Expressium facit cessare tacitum. Thus, where a statute, by its terms, is expressly limited to certain matters, it may not, by interpretation or construction, be extended to other matters.” (Malinias v. COMELEC, En Banc, G.R. No. 146943, October 4, 2002, Per Carpio, J., citing iting Ruben E. Agpalo, Statutory Construction, [1990], pp. 160-161)
“The rule of expressio unius est exclusio alterius and its variations are canons of restrictive interpretation. They are based on the rules of logic and the natural workings of the human mind. They are predicated upon one’s own voluntary act and not upon that of others. They proceed from the premise that the legislature would not have made specified enumeration in a statute had the intention been not to restrict its meaning and confine its terms to those expressly mentioned.” (Malinias v. COMELEC, En Banc, G.R. No. 146943, October 4, 2002, Per Carpio, J., citing iting Ruben E. Agpalo, Statutory Construction, [1990], pp. 160-161)
