Slander or oral defamation is libel via spoken words. 1. Concept Slander or Oral Defamation – is “libel committed by oral (spoken) means, instead of in writing.” It is defined as “the speaking of base and defamatory words which tend to prejudice another in his reputation, office, trade, business or means of livelihood.” (De Leon…
Slander by deed is an act casting dishonor, discredit, or contempt upon another person. 1. Concept Slander by deed – refers to “a crime against honor, which is committed by performing any act, which casts dishonor, discredit, or contempt upon another person.” (Villanueva v. People, G.R. No. 160351, April 10, 2006, Per Chico-Nazario, J.) a….
To cause an intrigue is to arouse an atmosphere of unwarranted interest or curiosity, or in some cases, suspicion, over another person. 1. Concept Intriguing against honor – refers to “any intrigue which has for its principal purpose to blemish the honor and reputation of a person.” (Betguen v. Masangcay, En Banc, A.M. No. P-93-822,…
Reckless imprudence presupposes negligence or an unintentional act, and thus no malice should attend the commission of the offense. 1. Concept Reckless imprudence “consists in voluntary, but without malice, doing or falling to do an act from which material damage results by reason of inexcusable lack of precaution on the part of the person performing…
1. Concept Other forms of trespass – under the Revised Penal Code, refers to the crime of entering the uninhabited closed premises or fenced estate of another without permission despite a manifest sign prohibiting entry. a. Legal basis Art. 281. Other forms of trespass. – The penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding…
1. Concept Revelation of industrial secrets – under the Revised Penal Code, refers to the crime of revealing industrial secrets of a manufacturing or industrial establishment. a. Legal basis Art. 292. Revelation of industrial secrets. – The penalty of prisión correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not exceeding One hundred thousand…
1. Concept Revealing secrets with abuse of office – under the Revised Penal Code refers to the crime of revealing secrets of a principal or master by their manager, employee, or servant. a. Legal basis Art. 291. Revealing secrets with abuse of office. – The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding One…
1. Concept Formation, maintenance, and prohibition of combination of capital or labor through violence or threats – under the Revised Penal Code, refers to the crime of employing violence or threats in such a degree as to compel or force the laborers or employees in the free and legal exercise of their industry or work…
1. Concept Other similar coercions – under the Revised Penal Code, refers to the crime of coercing or compelling laborers or employees to purchase of merchandise and/or receive payment of wages by means of tokens. a. Legal basis Art. 288. Other similar coercions; (Compulsory purchase of merchandise and payment of wages by means of tokens….
1. Concept Unjust vexation – under the Revised Penal Code, refers to the crime of causing cause annoyance, irritation, torment, distress, or disturbance to the mind of the person to whom it was directed. [U]njust vexation [is] a form of light coercion, under Article 287 of the Revised Penal Code. (Baleros, Jr. v. People, G.R….