Under the enrolled bill doctrine, the signing of a bill by both the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate and the certification by the secretaries of both Houses of Congress that the bill was passed on a certain date are conclusive on the bill’s due enactment. Assuming there is…
The President signs an agreement with his counterpart in another country involving reciprocity in the treatment of each country’s nationals residing in the other’s territory. However, he does not submit the agreement to the Senate for concurrence. Sec. 21, Art. VII of the Constitution provides that no treaty or international agreement shall be valid and…
Extradition is the process pursuant to a treaty between two State parties for the surrender by the requested State to the custody of the requesting State of a fugitive criminal residing in the former. However, extradition depends on the application of two principles – the principle of specialty and the dual criminality principle. Explain these…
Ambassador Robert of State Alpha committed a very serious crime while he headed his foreign mission in the Philippines. Is he subject to arrest by Philippine authorities? Explain your answer. (3%) Suggested Answer: No. Answer Under the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, a diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of the…
A bank acquired a large tract of land as the highest bidder in the foreclosure sale of the mortgaged assets of its borrower. It appears that the land has been originally registered under the Torrens system in 1922 pursuant to the provisions of the Philippine Bill of 1902, the organic act of the Philippine Islands…
Give the limitations on the power of the Congress to enact the General Appropriations Act? Explain your answer. (5%) Suggested Answer: 1) The General Appropriations Act should exclusively originate in the House of Representative. Under the 1987 Constitution, all general appropriations bill shall originate exclusively in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose…
The Executive Department has accumulated substantial savings from its appropriations. Needing ₱3,000,000.00 for the conduct of a plebiscite for the creation of a new city but has no funds appropriated soon by the Congress for the purpose, the COMELEC requests the President to transfer funds from the savings of the Executive Department in order to…
The President appoints the Vice President as his Administration’s Housing Czar, a position that requires the appointee to sit in the Cabinet. Although the appointment of the members of the Cabinet requires confirmation by the Commission on Appointment (CA), the Office of the President does not submit the appointment to the CA. May the Vice…
(a) What is the right of legation, and how is it undertaken between states? Explain your answer. (2%) (b) Under this right, may a country like Malaysia insist that the Philippines establishes a consulate in Sabah to look after the welfare of the Filipino migrants in the area? Explain your answer. (2%) Suggested Answer: (a)…
Distinguish pardon from amnesty. (4%) 1) Pardon is granted by the Chief Executive and as such it is a private act which must be pleaded and proved by the person pardoned, because the courts take no notice thereof. On the other hand, amnesty is by Proclamation of the Chief Executive with the concurrence of Congress,…