Section 9, Canon II SECTION 9. Obstructing access to evidence or altering, destroying, or concealing evidence. – A lawyer shall not obstruct another lawyer’s access to evidence during trial, including testimonial evidence, or alter, destroy, or conceal evidence. (2023 Code of Professional Responsibility and Accountability or CPRA) 1. Obstructing access to evidence or altering, destroying,…
Section 4, Canon II SECTION 4. Use of dignified, gender-fair, and child- and culturally-sensitive language. – A lawyer shall use only dignified, gender-fair, child- and culturally-sensitive language in all personal and professional dealings. To this end, a lawyer shall not use language which is abusive, intemperate, offensive or otherwise improper, oral or written, and whether…
Section 3, Canon II SECTION 3. Safe environment; avoid all forms of abuse or harassment. – A lawyer shall not create or promote an unsafe or hostile environment, both in private and public settings, whether online, in workplaces, educational or training institutions, or in recreational areas. To this end, a lawyer shall not commit any…
Section 2, Canon I SECTION 2. Merit-based practice. – A lawyer shall rely solely on the merits of a cause and not exert, or give the appearance of, any influence on, nor undermine the authority of, the court, tribunal or other government agency, or its proceedings. (2023 Code of Professional Responsibility and Accountability or CPRA)…
1. Concept Contempt or with insult to public authorities, as an aggravating circumstance under the Revised Penal Code – refers to the circumstance when the offender committed the crime in such a manner. a. Legal basis Article 14. Aggravating circumstances. – The following are aggravating circumstances: 2. That the crime be committed in contempt or…
1. Concept Where public authorities are engaged in the discharge of their duties, as an aggravating circumstance under the Revised Penal Code – refers to the circumstance when the offender committed the crime in such a place. a. Legal basis Article 14. Aggravating circumstances. – The following are aggravating circumstances: 5. That the crime be…
1. Concept Place dedicated to religious worship, as an aggravating circumstance under the Revised Penal Code – refers to the circumstance when the offender commits the crime in a place dedicated to religious worship. a. Legal basis Article 14. Aggravating circumstances. – The following are aggravating circumstances: 5. That the crime be committed in… a…
1. Concept Superior strength, as an aggravating circumstance under the Revised Penal Code – refers to the circumstance when the offender took advantage of his/her superior strength or employed means to weaken the defense of the victim in the commission of the crime. a. Legal basis Article 14. Aggravating circumstances. – The following are aggravating…
1. Concept Lack of intention to commit so grave a wrong – refers to the mitigating circumstance under the Revised Penal Code wherein the accused had no intention to commit so grave a wrong as that committed. a. Legal basis Article 13. Mitigating circumstances. – The following are mitigating circumstances; 3. That the offender had…
1. Concept Sufficient provocation or threat – refers to the mitigating circumstance under the Revised Penal Code wherein there was sufficient provocation or threat on the part of the offended party immediately preceding the act. a. Legal basis Article 13. Mitigating circumstances. – The following are mitigating circumstances; 4. That sufficient provocation or threat on…