Libel is the malicious imputation of a crime, vice, or defect – in writing. 1. Concept Libel – refers to “a public and malicious imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status or circumstance tending to cause dishonor, discredit or contempt of a natural…
Slander or oral defamation is libel via spoken words. 1. Concept Slander or Oral Defamation – is “libel committed by oral (spoken) means, instead of in writing.” It is defined as “the speaking of base and defamatory words which tend to prejudice another in his reputation, office, trade, business or means of livelihood.” (De Leon…
Slander by deed is an act casting dishonor, discredit, or contempt upon another person. 1. Concept Slander by deed – refers to “a crime against honor, which is committed by performing any act, which casts dishonor, discredit, or contempt upon another person.” (Villanueva v. People, G.R. No. 160351, April 10, 2006, Per Chico-Nazario, J.) a….
1. Concept Formation, maintenance, and prohibition of combination of capital or labor through violence or threats – under the Revised Penal Code, refers to the crime of employing violence or threats in such a degree as to compel or force the laborers or employees in the free and legal exercise of their industry or work…
1. Concept Other similar coercions – under the Revised Penal Code, refers to the crime of coercing or compelling laborers or employees to purchase of merchandise and/or receive payment of wages by means of tokens. a. Legal basis Art. 288. Other similar coercions; (Compulsory purchase of merchandise and payment of wages by means of tokens….
1. Concept Unjust vexation – under the Revised Penal Code, refers to the crime of causing cause annoyance, irritation, torment, distress, or disturbance to the mind of the person to whom it was directed. [U]njust vexation [is] a form of light coercion, under Article 287 of the Revised Penal Code. (Baleros, Jr. v. People, G.R….
1. Concept Light coercions – under the Revised Penal Code, refers to the crime of seizing anything belonging to his debtor for the purpose of applying the same to the payment of the debt by means of violence. a. Legal basis Art. 287. Light coercions. – Any person who, by means of violence, shall seize…
1. Concept Grave coercion – under the Revised Penal Code, refers to the crime of preventing another from doing something not prohibited by law, or compelling him to do something against his will, whether it be right or wrong, by means of violence, threats, or intimidation, and the offender does not have any authority of…
1. Concept Other light threats – under the Revised Penal Code, refers to the crime of threatening another in such a way as not to constitute grave threats or light threats or any other felony. a. Legal basis Art. 285. Other light threats. – The penalty of arresto menor in its minimum period or a…
1. Concept Light threats – refers to the crime of making any threat to commit a wrong not constituting a crime, made in the manner expressed in subdivision 1 of Article 282 of the Revised Penal Code on Grave Threats a. Legal basis Art. 282. Grave threats. – Any person who shall threaten another with…